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Lead (82 Pb) has four observationally stable isotopes: 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 Pb. Lead-204 is entirely a primordial nuclide and is not a radiogenic nuclide.The three isotopes lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 represent the ends of three decay chains: the uranium series (or radium series), the actinium series, and the thorium series, respectively; a fourth decay chain, the neptunium series ...
A decay chain that has reached this state, which may require billions of years, is said to be in equilibrium. ... 212 Pb: 212 Pb ThB Thorium B
English: Diagram of the thorium decay chain from lead-212 to lead-208. Each parent nuclide spontaneously decays into a daughter nuclide (the decay product) via an α decay or a β − decay. Note that bismuth-212 can either decay into polonium-212 or thallium-208.
The decay chain follows the thorium series, which terminates at stable lead-208. The intermediates in the thorium-232 decay chain are all relatively short-lived; the longest-lived intermediate decay products are radium-228 and thorium-228, with half lives of 5.75 years and 1.91 years, respectively.
Example of a radioactive decay chain from lead-212 (212 Pb) to lead-208 (208 Pb) . Each parent nuclide spontaneously decays into a daughter nuclide (the decay product) via an α decay or a β − decay. The final decay product, lead-208 (208 Pb), is stable and can no longer undergo spontaneous radioactive decay.
Lead-213 also occurs in the decay chain of neptunium-237. Lead-210 is particularly useful for helping to identify the ages of samples by measuring its ratio to lead-206 (both isotopes are present in a single decay chain). [51] In total, 43 lead isotopes have been synthesized, with mass numbers 178–220. [38]
Its decay chain is the thorium series, eventually ending in lead-208. The remainder of the chain is quick; the longest half-lives in it are 5.75 years for radium-228 and 1.91 years for thorium-228, with all other half-lives totaling less than 15 days. [55]
The decay chain from lead-212 down to lead-208, showing the intermediate decay products. In this example: 234 Th, 234m Pa,..., 206 Pb are the decay products of 238 U. 234 Th is the daughter of the parent 238 U. 234m Pa (234 metastable) is the granddaughter of 238 U. These might also be referred to as the daughter products of 238 U. [1]