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The stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a compact tension specimen is [4] = [() / / + / / + /] where is the applied load, is the thickness of the specimen, is the crack length, and is the effective width of the specimen being the distance between the centreline of the holes and the backface of the coupon.
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The important characteristic of these tests is that the strain rate is low, for example extension rates selected in the range from 10 −8 to 10 −3 s −1.The selection of the strain rate is very important because the susceptibility to cracking may not be evident from result of tests at too low or too high strain rate.
Rainflow counting identifies the closed cycles in a stress-strain curve. The rainflow-counting algorithm is used in calculating the fatigue life of a component in order to convert a loading sequence of varying stress into a set of constant amplitude stress reversals with equivalent fatigue damage.
There are a number of ASTM analytical test methods to determine amine value. A number of states in the United States have adopted their own test methods but they are based on ASTM methods. [3] Although there are similarities with the method it is not the same as an acid value. ASTM D2073 - This is a potentiometric method. [4] ASTM D2074-07
Software crack illustration. Software cracking (known as "breaking" mostly in the 1980s [1]) is an act of removing copy protection from a software. [2] Copy protection can be removed by applying a specific crack. A crack can mean any tool that enables breaking software protection, a stolen product key, or guessed password. Cracking software ...
The Fineness Modulus (FM) is an empirical figure obtained by adding the total percentage of the sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves, dividing the sum by 100.