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It was the first virus to be discovered, and the first to be crystallised and its structure shown in detail. The first X-ray diffraction pictures of the crystallised virus were obtained by Bernal and Fankuchen in 1941. On the basis of her pictures, Rosalind Franklin discovered the full structure of the virus in 1955. [35]
This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines.In addition to specific year/period-related events, there is the seasonal flu that kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people every year and has claimed between 340 million and 1 billion human lives throughout history.
In the 1960s, the first virus that could cause hepatitis was discovered. This was hepatitis B virus, which was named after the disease it causes. [220] Hepatitis A virus was discovered in 1974. [221] The discovery of hepatitis B virus and the invention of tests to detect it have radically changed many medical, and some cosmetic procedures.
Tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to be identified, as an infectious agent that could pass through porcelain filters, as well as the first to be crystallised. It was among the earliest virus structures to be modelled successfully. Credit: Thomas Splettstoesser (20 July 2012) Portal:Viruses/Selected picture/3
Marburg virus, first discovered in 1967, attracted widespread press attention in April 2005 for an outbreak in Angola. [131] Ebola virus disease has also caused intermittent outbreaks with high mortality rates since 1976 when it was first identified. The worst and most recent one is the 2013–2016 West Africa epidemic. [132]
This was the first national patient register in the world. [24] Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, was discovered by G. H. Armauer Hansen in Norway in 1873, making it the first bacterium to be identified as causing disease in humans. [2] [25] Hansen observed a number of nonrefractile small rods in unstained tissue sections ...
The virus was named Transmissible gastro-enteritis virus of swine in the ICNV first report in 1971, and changed to Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (PTGV) in the second report in 1976. [134] In 1963, Jean Holzworth at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital in Boston described a new intestinal disease of cats. [135]
Influenza A virus structure. The influenzavirus virion is pleomorphic; the viral envelope can occur in spherical and filamentous forms. In general, the virus's morphology is ellipsoidal with particles 100–120 nm in diameter, or filamentous with particles 80–100 nm in diameter and up to 20 μm long. [5]