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Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be used to treat menstrual cycle disorders including heavy menstrual bleeding, [9] and pelvic pain disorders such as endometriosis [10] and dysmenorrhea. [11] CHCs are also a first line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome for menstrual abnormalities, acne, and hirsutism. [12]
Women who are experiencing menstrual dysfunction due to female athlete triad are sometimes prescribed oral contraceptives as pills that can create menstrual bleeding cycles. [78] However, the condition's underlying cause is energy deficiency and should be treated by correcting the imbalance between calories eaten and calories burned by exercise.
Users of levonorgestrel often experience menses before the expected date. [40] A prescription for levonorgestrel is not needed and can be found over the counter at local pharmacies. [45] Because levonorgestrel does not have any life-threatening side effects, it has been approved by the FDA for use by all age groups. [45]
A 2012 meta-analysis estimated that the absolute risk of VTE is 2 per 10,000 women for non-use, 8 per 10,000 women for ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel-containing birth control pills, and 10 to 15 per 10,000 women for birth control pills containing ethinylestradiol and a newer-generation progestin. [76]
Progesterone (P4), sold under the brand name Prometrium among others, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [20] It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women.
Fertility medications, also known as fertility drugs, are medications which enhance reproductive fertility. For women, fertility medication is used to stimulate follicle development of the ovary . [ 1 ]
Clomifene citrate (Clomid is a common brand name) is the medication which is most commonly used to treat anovulation. It is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to respond as if there was an estrogen deficit in the body, in effect increasing the production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Changes in menstrual bleeding may occur, such as a lighter flow or complete stop to the regular monthly menses, or abnormal bleeding throughout the cycle. Others have reported small weight gain, and increase in headaches or mood swings, and a decrease in libido .