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Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) (also called magnetosensitive elastomers) are a class of solids that consist of polymeric matrix with embedded micro- or nano-sized ferromagnetic particles such as carbonyl iron. As a result of this composite microstructure, the mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled by the application of ...
Ferrofluid is a liquid that is attracted to the poles of a magnet. It is a colloidal liquid made of nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). [1] Each magnetic particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ...
The main purpose of using a surfactant is to reduce the interfacial tension between the dispersed phase (droplet phase, typically aqueous) and continuous phase (carrier liquid, typically oil) by adsorbing at interfaces and preventing droplets from coalescing with each other, therefore stabilizing the droplets in a stable emulsion state, which ...
For example, polymer magnetic composites comprising 2D lattices of droplets of solid-liquid phase change material, with each droplet containing a single magnetic dipole particle, form an artificial spin ice above the droplet melting point, and, after cooling, a spin glass state with low bulk remanence.
The method is versatile [1] as the model fluid can straightforwardly be made to mimic common fluid behaviour like vapour/liquid coexistence, and so fluid systems such as liquid droplets can be simulated. Also, fluids in complex environments such as porous media can be straightforwardly simulated, whereas with complex boundaries other CFD ...
An illustration of the sessile drop technique with a liquid droplet partially wetting a solid substrate. θ C is the contact angle, and γ SG, γ LG, γ SL represent the solid–gas, gas–liquid, and liquid–solid interfaces, respectively.
Electrohydrodynamic droplet deformation is a phenomenon that occurs when liquid droplets suspended in a second immiscible liquid are exposed to an oscillating electric field. Under these conditions, the droplet will periodically deform between prolate and oblate spheroids .
Three examples of droplet detachment for different fluids: (left) water, (center) glycerol, (right) a solution of PEG in water. In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet.