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Beer fermenting at a brewery. Zymology, also known as zymurgy, [a] is an applied science that studies the biochemical process of fermentation and its practical uses. Common topics include the selection of fermenting yeast and bacteria species and their use in brewing, wine making, fermenting milk, and the making of other fermented foods.
Fermentation is a type of redox metabolism carried out in the absence of oxygen. [1] [2] During fermentation, organic molecules (e.g., glucose) are catabolized and donate electrons to other organic molecules. In the process, ATP and organic end products (e.g., lactate) are formed.
Grapes being trodden to extract the juice and made into wine in storage jars. Tomb of Nakht, 18th dynasty, Thebes, Ancient Egypt. Sourdough starter. In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction.
The Annual Review of Food Science and Technology defines its scope as covering significant developments relevant to food science, inclusive of disciplines such as food microbiology, food rheology, foodborne illness, food engineering, fermentation, nutritional genomics, novel foods, food processing, and food preservation. [11]
Biotechnology and Bioengineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biochemical engineering that was established in 1959. In 2009, the BioMedical & Life Sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association listed Biotechnology and Bioengineering as one of the 100 most influential journals in biology and medicine of the past century.
A SCOBY used for brewing kombucha Kombucha co-culture with SCOBY biofilm. Symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) is a culinary symbiotic fermentation culture consisting of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and yeast which arises in the preparation of sour foods and beverages such as kombucha. [1]
Research applications are directed toward human welfare in general. Hence applications are transferred to industries of fermentation, chemistry and biochemistry, medicines and pharmaceuticals, foods and feeds, and agriculture. [4]
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry. Commodity chemicals, such as acetic acid, citric acid, and ethanol are made by fermentation. [1]