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Judaism, however, rejects the Christian concept of God in human form. Christianity recognizes the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament by Christians) as part of its scriptural canon; Judaism does not recognize the Christian New Testament. The relative importance of belief and practice constitute an important area of difference.
The two schools of thought eventually firmed up their respective "norms" and doctrines, notably by increasingly diverging on key issues such as the status of "purity laws", the validity of Judeo-Christian messianic beliefs, and, more importantly, the use of Koine Greek and Latin as sacerdotal languages replacing Biblical Hebrew. [136]
There are fundamental beliefs in both Islam and Judaism that are likewise denied by most of Christianity (e.g., the restrictions on pork consumption found in Jewish and Islamic dietary law), and key beliefs of Islam, Christianity, and the BaháΚΌí Faith not shared by Judaism (e.g., the prophetic and Messianic position of Jesus). [26]
Judaism is based on a strict monotheism, and a belief in one single, indivisible, non-compound God. The Shema Yisrael. This is illustrated in what is considered by some to be the Jewish moto, encapsulating the monotheistic nature of Judaism: [1] "Hear, O Israel: The L ORD is our God; the L ORD is one." [2]
The term Judeo-Christian is used to group Christianity and Judaism together, either in reference to Christianity's derivation from Judaism, Christianity's recognition of Jewish scripture to constitute the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or values supposed to be shared by the two religions.
Adherents of Judaism do not believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah or Prophet nor do they believe he was the Son of God.In the Jewish perspective, it is believed that the way Christians see Jesus goes against monotheism, a belief in the absolute unity and singularity of God, which is central to Judaism; [1] Judaism sees the worship of a person as a form of idolatry, which is forbidden. [2]
A turning point in Jewish-Christian relations occurred when the Talmud was put "on trial" in 1239 by Pope Gregory IX because of contents that mocked the central figures of Christianity. [358] Talmudic Judaism came to be seen as so different from biblical Judaism that old Augustinian obligations to leave the Jews alone no longer applied.
Monotheism—the belief that there is only one deity—is the focus of the Abrahamic religions, which like-mindedly conceive God as the all-powerful and all-knowing deity [1] from whom Abraham received a divine revelation, according to their respective narratives. [2] The most prominent Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [3]