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For example, at the background rate one species of bird will go extinct every estimated 400 years. [6] Another way the extinction rate can be given is in million species years (MSY). For example, there is approximately one extinction estimated per million species years. [ 7 ]
Permian–Triassic extinction event 252 Ma Large igneous province (LIP) eruptions [ 23 ] from the Siberian Traps , [ 24 ] an impact event (the Wilkes Land Crater ), [ 25 ] an Anoxic event , [ 26 ] an Ice age , [ 27 ] or other possible causes
For example, the Santonian and Campanian stages were each used to estimate diversity changes in the Maastrichtian prior to the K-Pg mass extinction. Subtracting background extinctions from extinction tallies had the effect of reducing the estimated severity of the six sampled mass extinction events.
Ceballos pointed to the extinction of the passenger pigeon, which was the only species in its genus, as an example of how losing a genus can have a cascading effect on a wider ecosystem.
In ecology, extinction is sometimes used informally to refer to local extinction, in which a species ceases to exist in the chosen area of study, despite still existing elsewhere. Local extinctions may be made good by the reintroduction of individuals of that species taken from other locations; wolf reintroduction is an example
However, the Popa langur, named after nearby Mount Popa, is tragically already on the verge of extinction. Researchers estimate only 200 to 260 individuals remain.
This evidence, combined with fossil biomarkers of green sulfur bacteria, indicates that this process could have played a role in that mass extinction event, and possibly other extinction events. The trigger for these mass extinctions appears to be a warming of the ocean caused by a rise of carbon dioxide levels to about 1000 parts per million. [18]
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. [1] [2] Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area.