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Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Standard German in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
German has four special letters; three are vowels accented with an umlaut sign ( ä, ö, ü ) and one is derived from a ligature of ſ and z ( ß ; called Eszett "ess-zed/zee" or scharfes S "sharp s").
The letter q in German only ever appears in the sequence qu (/kv/), with the exception of loanwords, e.g., Coq au vin or Qigong (which is also written Chigong). The letter x (Ix, /ɪks/) occurs almost exclusively in loanwords. Native German words that are now pronounced with a /ks/ sound are usually written using chs or cks, as with Fuchs (fox).
Ü (lowercase ü) is a Latin script character composed of the letter U and the diaeresis diacritical mark. In some alphabets such as those of a number of Romance languages or Guarani it denotes an instance of regular U to be construed in isolation from adjacent characters with which it would usually form a larger unit; other alphabets like the Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian and ...
Latin Small Letter U with tilde 0297 U+016A Ū 362 Ū Latin Capital Letter U with macron 0298 U+016B ū 363 ū Latin Small Letter U with macron 0299 U+016C Ŭ 364 Ŭ Latin Capital Letter U with breve: 0300 U+016D ŭ 365 ŭ Latin Small Letter U with breve 0301 U+016E Ů 366 Ů Latin Capital Letter U with ring above 0302
The vowels of proto-Germanic and their general direction of change when i-mutated in the later Germanic dialects. Germanic umlaut is a specific historical example of this process that took place in the unattested earliest stages of Old English and Old Norse and apparently later in Old High German, and some other old Germanic languages.
The umlaut has an article of its own. Its history is in that article. In that article ů can be found as well - and as you can read there, that's not a u but an oldfashioned way of writing uo. ŭ is a way of writing u but that is already mentioned: a brevis ( ˘ ) ... also used to distinguish a "u" from an "n" in some Kurrent-derived handwritings.