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Although "grasshopper" has been used as a common name for the suborder in general, [3] [4] [5] modern sources restrict it to the more "evolved" families. [6] They may be placed in the infraorder Acrididea [ 7 ] and have been referred to as "short-horned grasshoppers" in older texts [ 8 ] to distinguish them from the also-obsolete term "long ...
The use of sound is generally crucial in courtship, and most species have distinct songs. [3] Most grasshoppers lay their eggs in the ground or on vegetation. The eggs hatch and the young nymphs resemble adults, but lack wings and at this stage are often called 'hoppers'. They may often also have a radically different coloration from the adults.
Tetrigidae [1] is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, [2] which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, [3] pygmy grasshoppers, [4] pygmy devils [5] or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts". [6]
A grasshopper has an open circulatory system, where hemolymph moves through interconnected sinuses or hemocoels, spaces surrounding the organs. Above is a diagram of an open circulatory system. An open circulatory system is made up of a heart, vessels, and hemolymph.
Eumastacidae are a family of grasshoppers sometimes known as monkey- or matchstick grasshoppers. They usually have thin legs that are held folded at right angles to the body, sometimes close to the horizontal plane. Many species are wingless and the head is at an angle with the top of the head often jutting above the line of the thorax and abdomen.
Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers" [3]), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment. Subfamilies
The third instar is up to 2 cm long and the wing pads are triangular. The fourth instar has venation in its wing pads. The fifth instar is up to 3.5 cm long and the wing pads have changed position. By the sixth instar, the wings have elongated. [3] This species overwinters as an adult rather than in the egg, as many other grasshoppers do. [3]
They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea). The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets ( Gryllotalpidae ), which belong to the other Orthopteran sub-order Ensifera .