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In Hindu traditions, moksha is a central concept [6] and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims are dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), artha (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and kama (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment). [7] Together, these four concepts are called Puruṣārtha in Hinduism. [8]
Dharma (/ ˈ d ɑːr m ə /; Sanskrit: धर्म, pronounced ⓘ) is a key concept in the Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. [7] The term dharma is considered untranslatable into English (or other European languages); it is understood to refer to behaviours which are in harmony with the "order and custom" that sustains life; "virtue", righteousness or "religious ...
Hinduism, with about one billion followers [14] is the world's third-largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. Hinduism has been called the " oldest religion " in the world and is traditionally called Sanātana Dharma , "the eternal law " or the "eternal way"; [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] beyond human origins. [ 17 ]
[17] [18] [19] While the rebellion was not solely based on religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims, these tensions did play a role in fueling the conflict. During the rebellion, there were instances of both Muslim and Hindu soldiers and civilians fighting together against the British, as well as instances of conflict between the two ...
Buddhism, a philosophy that denies existence of ātman (Self) [36] and is based on the teachings and enlightenment of Gautama Buddha. Jainism , a philosophy that accepts the existence of the ātman (Self), and is based on the teachings and enlightenment of twenty-four teachers known as tirthankaras , with Rishabha as the first and Mahavira as ...
When an enlightened human, such as an Arihant or a Tirthankara, extinguishes his remaining aghatiya karmas and thus ends his worldly existence, it is called nirvāna. Technically, the death of an Arhat is called their nirvāṇa, as he has ended his worldly existence and attained liberation. Moksha (liberation) follows nirvāṇa.
The book presents rational arguments for bodily resurrection and the immortality of the human soul, using both demonstrative reasoning and material from the hadith corpus as forms of evidence. Later Islamic scholars viewed this work as a response to Avicenna 's metaphysical argument on spiritual resurrection (as opposed to bodily resurrection ...
The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads do not mention the soteriological term Nirvana. [22] This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita [22] and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era. [60] The concept of Nirvana is described differently in Buddhist and Hindu literature. [61]