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Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe.
BACM symptoms that follow are most frequently calf pain, gait complaints, and inability to walk. [2] The condition is self-limited and full restitution can be expected. In very rare cases, however, rhabdomyolysis may develop. [1] Affected are preschool and school-age children with a male predominance. [2]
Bronchospasm, a potentially life-threatening situation, occurs when the smooth muscular tissue of the bronchioles constricts, severely narrowing their diameter. The most common cause of this is asthma. Bronchospasm is commonly treated by oxygen therapy and bronchodilators such as albuterol.
With emphysema the shortness of breath due to effective bronchoconstriction from excessive very thick mucus blockage (it is so thick that great difficulty is encountered in expelling it resulting in near exhaustion at times) can bring on panic attacks unless the individual expects this and has effectively learned pursed lip breathing to more quickly transfer oxygen to the blood via the damaged ...
Children under 2 years old should not be given any type of cough or cold medicine due to the potential for life-threatening side effects. [23] In addition, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics , the use of cough medicine to relieve cough symptoms should be avoided in children under 4 years old, and the safety is questioned for ...
Acute bronchiolitis is caused by a viral infection, usually affecting children younger than two years of age. [5] Symptoms may include fever, cough, runny nose or rhinorrhea, and wheezing. [1] More severe cases may be associated with nasal flaring, grunting, or respiratory distress. [1]
Studies have demonstrated the safety of inhaled fluticasone propionate in children. A systematic review published in 2013 found no significant adverse effect on the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis , growth, and bone mineral density in asthmatic children when inhaled fluticasone is used for up to three months.
In children, viral infections such as croup or epiglottitis are frequent causes. [4] Adults are more likely to experience obstruction from enlargement of the tonsils or vocal cord paralysis . [ 3 ] Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common chronic cause of upper airway obstruction.