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Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) are areas of enhancement during the arterial phase of contrast CT of the liver. THAD is thought to be a physiological phenomenon resulting from regional variation in the blood supply by the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery .
Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). [ 1 ] Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) is increasingly being recognized.
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. [1] Often there are no or few symptoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Occasionally there may be tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen . [ 1 ]
No single mechanism leading to steatosis exists; rather, a varied multitude of pathologies disrupt normal lipid movement through the cell and cause accumulation. [7] These mechanisms can be separated based on whether they ultimately cause an oversupply of lipid which can not be removed quickly enough (i.e., too much in), or whether they cause a failure in lipid breakdown (i.e., not enough used).
Ischemic hepatitis, also known as shock liver, is a condition defined as an acute liver injury caused by insufficient blood flow (and consequently insufficient oxygen delivery) to the liver. [5] The decreased blood flow ( perfusion ) to the liver is usually due to shock or low blood pressure.
Liver showing chronic passive congestion associated with tricuspid valve incompetence. So called 'nutmeg liver', Split nutmeg, for those who have never seen this appearance. Close up of congested liver showing the 'nutmeg' appearance. Congestive hepatopathy, is liver dysfunction due to venous congestion, usually due to congestive heart failure.
Liver cirrhosis on CT imaging of the abdomen in transverse view. Portable ultrasound is a low cost tool to identify the sign of liver surface nodularity with a good diagnostic accuracy. [72] Cirrhosis is also diagnosable through a variety of new elastography techniques. [73] [74] When a liver becomes cirrhotic it will generally become stiffer ...
A medical condition is termed heterogeneous, or a heterogeneous disease, if it has several etiologies (root causes); as opposed to homogeneous conditions, which have the same root cause for all patients in a given group. Examples of heterogeneous conditions are hepatitis and diabetes. Heterogeneity is not unusual, as medical conditions are ...