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Polycarbonate is commonly used in eye protection, as well as in other projectile-resistant viewing and lighting applications that would normally indicate the use of glass, but require much higher impact-resistance. Polycarbonate lenses also protect the eye from UV light.
In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy , who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and reflection of light".
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
Let be a unital associative algebra.In its most general form, the parameter-dependent Yang–Baxter equation is an equation for (, ′), a parameter-dependent element of the tensor product (here, and ′ are the parameters, which usually range over the real numbers ℝ in the case of an additive parameter, or over positive real numbers ℝ + in the case of a multiplicative parameter).
The free field model can be solved exactly, and then the solutions to the full model can be expressed as perturbations of the free field solutions, for example using the Dyson series. It should be observed that the decomposition into free fields and interactions is in principle arbitrary.
A polycarbonate is an oxocarbon dianion consisting of a chain of carbonate units, where successive carbonyl groups are directly linked to each other by shared additional oxygen atoms. That is, they are the conjugate bases of polycarbonic acids , the conceptual anhydrides of carbonic acid , or polymers of carbon dioxide .
The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles. Microscopic here implies that quantum mechanics has to be used to provide an accurate description of the system.
From this equation the molecular weight of a polymer can be determined from data on the intrinsic viscosity and vice versa. The values of the Mark–Houwink parameters, and , depend on the particular polymer-solvent system. For solvents, a value of = is indicative of a theta solvent.