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Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares. Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin ( PMSG ), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination .
Endometrial cups can be circular, U-shaped, or ribbonlike and are pale compared to the rest of the endometrial tissue. They can range in size from 1 cm to 10 cm in diameter at the widest point. [2] They resemble ulcers in form, and when examined under a microscope have large epithelioid decidual-like cells and large nucleoli. [3]
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[1] [7] The estrogens in CEEs, in their unconjugated active forms, include bioidentical human estrogens like estradiol and estrone as well as equine-specific estrogens such as equilin and 17β-dihydroequilin. [1] [7] The equine estrogens differ from human estrogens in that they have additional double bonds in the B ring of the steroid nucleus.
If pregnancy occurs in equine, the placental hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin released by endometrial cup acts like LH and FSH and stimulates additional ovulations, although the oocytes released during these ovulations are not fertilized. The resulting accessory corpora lutea produce progesterone and keep levels of progesterone high during ...
Horses mate in spring and summer; autumn is a transition time, and anestrus occurs during winter. A feature of the fertility cycle of horses and other large herd animals is that it is usually affected by the seasons. The number of hours daily that light enters the eye of the animal affects the brain, which governs the release of certain ...
Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women, playing an important role in muscle growth and cognitive function. Low levels of the hormone can lead to changes in mood, cognition and ...
Hormones are synthesized in certain organs, including the ovaries, placenta, and pituitary gland. [1] These hormones have essential functions in pregnancy test, maintaining the uterine lining, fetal development, preventing premature labor, and the initiation and support of labor.