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2. Asphalt shingle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_shingle

   Per 2003 International Building Code Sections 1507.2.1 and 1507.2.2, asphalt shingles shall only be used on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17% slope) or greater. Asphalt shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed decks. Shallower slopes require asphalt rolled roofing, or other roofing treatment.

3. Asphalt roll roofing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_roll_roofing

   The first asphalt shingles, mineral-surfaced, were made in 1901, and about this time slate grain less were first used as a surfacing material. Asphalt shingles did not come into general use until about 1911. During 1939, thirty-two manufacturers, representing about 95 percent of the asphalt-prepared roofing industry, produced 34,225,187 squares ...

4. Domestic roof construction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_roof_construction

   Ventilation of the roof deck speeds the evaporation of water from leakage or condensation and removes heat which helps prevent ice dams and helps asphalt shingles last longer. Building codes in the U.S. specify ventilation rates as a minimum of 1 sq ft (0.093 m 2 ) of opening per 150 sq ft (14 m 2 ) (1:150) with a ratio of 1:300 in some ...

5. Bituminous waterproofing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing

   The weight designations originated with organic base felt weighing 15 or 30 pounds per 100 sq. ft. (6.8 ... a steeply raked roof of 24-year asphalt shingles. ...

6. Roof shingle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_shingle

   An asphalt shingle roof has flexible asphalt shingles as the ridge cap. Some roof shingles are non-combustible or have a better fire rating than others which influence their use, some building codes do not allow the use of shingles with less than a class-A fire rating to be used on some types of buildings. Due to increased fire hazard, wood ...

7. Bitumen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumen

   "In 2002, asphalt sold for approximately $160 per ton. By the end of 2006, the cost had doubled to approximately $320 per ton, and then it almost doubled again in 2012 to approximately $610 per ton." [21] The report indicates that an "average" 1-mile (1.6-kilometer)-long, four-lane highway would include "300 tons of asphalt," which, "in 2002 ...