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In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development is a book on gender studies by American professor Carol Gilligan, published in 1982, which Harvard University Press calls "the little book that started a revolution". [1] In the book, Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children. Kohlberg's data showed ...
For Gilligan, Kohlberg's stages of moral development were emphasizing the masculine voice, making it difficult to accurately gauge a woman's moral development because of this incongruity in voices. Gilligan argues that androgyny, or integrating the masculine and the feminine, is the best way to realize one's potential as a human.
While conceptually grounded originally in the work of William G. Perry in cognitive (or intellectual) development [2] and Carol Gilligan in moral/personal development in women, [3] the Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule discovered that existing developmental theories at the time did not address some issues and experiences that were common ...
Second wave theories may include, Marcia Baxter Magolda's theory of self-authorship, Carol Gilligan's theory of women's moral development, in addition to other social identity and multidimensional identity theories. Third wave theories re-examine student development theory through critical theory and post-structural perspectives.
Muuss took interest in and reviewed Gilligan's theory of sex differences, particularly in regard to the development of moral reasoning during adolescence. [24] He was interested in the contradiction Gilligan's theory posed to work by Lawrence Kohlberg that claimed to demonstrate a higher level of moral judgement and maturity in males than ...
Gender theory, often called gender ideology by its detractors, sugg. Pope Francis on Friday warned of the dangers of so-called gender theory, saying he had commissioned studies into what he ...
Care-focused feminism, alternatively called gender feminism, [20] is a branch of feminist thought informed primarily by the ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. [19] This theory is critical of how caring is socially engendered, being assigned to women and consequently devalued.
In The Power of Feelings, Chodorow addresses the relation between culture and individual identity, the role of unconscious fantasy, and the epistemology of psychoanalytic theories. [27] She combines theoretical approaches, focusing on psychoanalysis and feminist theory, while acknowledging their shortcomings regarding gender psychology.