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  2. Oldest dated rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_dated_rocks

    The oldest dated rocks formed on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion years old, formed during the Hadean Eon of Earth's geological history, and mark the start of the Archean Eon, which is defined to start with the formation of the oldest intact rocks on Earth.

  3. Morton Gneiss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Gneiss

    Morton gneiss, also known as rainbow gneiss, is an Archean -age gneiss found in the Minnesota River Valley of southwestern Minnesota, United States. It is one of the oldest stones on Earth, at about 3.5 billion years old. Along with the nearby Montevideo Gneiss, it is the oldest intact continental crust rock in the United States. [1]

  4. Yarrabubba impact structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarrabubba_impact_structure

    Yarrabubba impact structure. Pha. Had. The Yarrabubba impact structure is the eroded remnant of an impact crater, situated in the northern Yilgarn Craton near Yarrabubba Station between the towns of Sandstone and Meekatharra, Mid West Western Australia. [2][3] With an age of 2.229 billion years, it is the oldest known impact structure on Earth.

  5. Hadean zircon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadean_zircon

    Hadean zircon is the oldest-surviving crustal material from the Earth's earliest geological time period, the Hadean eon, about 4 billion years ago. Zircon is a mineral that is commonly used for radiometric dating because it is highly resistant to chemical changes and appears in the form of small crystals or grains in most igneous and metamorphic host rocks.

  6. List of largest monoliths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_monoliths

    Its largest stone weighs 57 tons and measures approximately 19 feet (5.8 m) long by 9 feet (2.7 m) tall by 2 feet (0.61 m) thick. [61] The Maltese temples are the oldest free-standing structures on Earth. [62] Ashoka Pillars, weighing up to about 50 tons, were transported throughout India to territory ruled by Ashoka. [63] Göbekli Tepe, Turkey.

  7. Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_discovery...

    The oldest known pills were made of the zinc carbonates hydrozincite (described 1853) and smithsonite (described 1832). Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc (hemimorphite (IMA1962 s.p.) and smithsonite). [6] De architectura (about 15 BC) of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, Libri X, vol. VII, Caput 8.

  8. Göbekli Tepe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Göbekli_Tepe

    The site was first used at the dawn of the Southwest Asian Neolithic period, which marked the appearance of the oldest permanent human settlements anywhere in the world. Prehistorians link this Neolithic Revolution to the advent of agriculture, but disagree on whether farming caused people to settle down or vice versa. Göbekli Tepe, a ...

  9. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    A mixture of other minerals, often including pyrite. Lapis lazuli (UK: / ˌlæpɪs ˈlæz (j) ʊli, ˈlæʒʊ -, - ˌli /; US: / ˈlæz (j) əli, ˈlæʒə -, - ˌli /), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.