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Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted."
Immature seed cone. The pollen cone is approximately 1 cm in length and may be blueish to red colored. [5] Trees mature enough to produce seed cones are generally about 1.5 meters in height and 20 years of age. [9] Seed cones are dark purple when immature and turn brown as they ripen. At full size they are 6–11 centimeters in length. [4]
The cones are 6–12 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long and 4–4.5 cm (1 + 5 ⁄ 8 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) broad, green or purple ripening pale brown, with about 100–150 scales; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6 months after pollination. [9]
The cones are resin-sealed and irregularly shaped, [4] 8–16 cm (3 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long and clustered in whorls of three to six on the branches. The scales end in a short stout prickle. Cones can sometimes be found attached to the trunk and larger branches. [4]
Intensive sampling in the Smithers/Hazelton/Houston area of British Columbia showed Douglas (1975), [5] according to Coates et al. (1994), [6] that cone scale morphology was the feature most useful in differentiating species of spruce; the length, width, length: width ratio, the length of free scale (the distance from the imprint of the seed ...
The pollen cones are circular, almost elliptical and are 10–20 millimeters in size. They are the same color as the bark, typically. Seed cones are spread throughout the tree. The mature seed cones (4–7 cm) are much larger than the pollen cones. [4] The P. virginiana prefers to grow in poor soils and dry loam or clay.
Red pine is a coniferous evergreen tree characterized by tall, straight growth. [6] It usually ranges from 20–35 metres (66–115 feet) in height and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in trunk diameter, exceptionally reaching 43.77 m (143 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) tall. [7] The crown is conical, becoming a narrow rounded dome with age.
Pinus lambertiana (commonly known as the sugar pine or sugar cone pine) is the tallest and most massive pine tree and has the longest cones of any conifer. It is native to coastal and inland mountain areas along the Pacific coast of North America , as far north as Oregon and as far south as Baja California in Mexico.