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Township lines run parallel to the baseline (east-west), while range lines run north–south; each are established at 6-mile intervals. Lastly, townships are subdivided into 36 sections of approximately 1 square mile (640 acres; 2.6 km 2 ) and sections into four quarter-sections of 0.25 square miles (160 acres; 0.65 km 2 ) each.
The existence of section lines made property descriptions far more straightforward than the old metes and bounds system. The establishment of standard east-west and north-south lines ("township" and "range lines") meant that deeds could be written without regard to temporary terrain features such as trees, piles of rocks, fences, and the like, and be worded in the style such as "Lying and ...
The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line.
A reference to the township will look something like "Township 2 North Range 3 East", or "T2N,R3E" and such a notation is used in property descriptions based on the PLSS. Townships were originally surveyed and platted by the United States General Land Office, using contracted private survey crews, and are marked on the United States Geological ...
Range roads are commonly numbered in 1-mile (1.6 km) increments west from the east range line of a given township. The range roads form the east and west boundaries (known as section lines) of the 1 mile × 1 mile square sections – 36 of which comprise a township (e.g. Range Road 12-2 is between the second and third sections west of Range line 12, Range Road 6-0 is on range line 6).
Townships are designated by their township number and range number. Township 1 is the first north of the First Base Line, and the numbers increase to the north. While not an administrative unit, Alberta and Saskatchewan do have numbered township and range roads in rural areas based on the old Dominion
These east–west lines halfway between baselines are called "correction lines". [10] Townships are designated by their "township number" and "range number". Township 1 is the first north of the First Baseline, and the numbers increase to the north.
This gets you your next set of range lines. You will note there is an offset between the range lines extending north from the lower base line and those extending south from the current ones. This offset occurs along what is called a correction line. Repeat the base line process every 24 miles 12 chains northwards (to the 32nd).