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Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length.. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude.
The elevation of a geographic area may be stated in several ways. These include: The maximum elevation of the area (high point); [a] The minimum elevation of the area (low point); [b] The arithmetic mean elevation of the area (statistical mean elevation); [c] The median elevation of the area (statistical 50% elevation); [d] and; The elevation ...
As the pressure gets lower, the temperature decreases. The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation is known as the adiabatic lapse rate, which is approximately 9.8 °C per kilometer (or 5.4 °F [3.0 °C] per 1000 feet) of altitude. [12] The presence of water in the atmosphere complicates the process of convection.
In aviation, the term elevation or aerodrome elevation is defined by the ICAO as the highest point of the landing area. It is often measured in feet and can be found in approach charts of the aerodrome. It is not to be confused with terms such as the altitude or height. [1] Part of a topographic map of Haleakala , showing elevation.
The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum horizontal distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point. It can be calculated for small hills and islands as well as for major mountain peaks and can even be calculated for submarine summits.
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
Land surface elevation extremes by country; Country or region Highest point Maximum elevation Lowest point Minimum elevation Elevation span Afghanistan: Noshaq: 7492 m 24,580 ft Amu Darya: 258 m 846 ft 7234 m 23,734 ft Albania: Korab: 2764 m 9,068 ft Adriatic Sea: sea level 2764 m 9,068 ft Algeria: Mount Tahat: 2908 m 9,541 ft Chott Melrhir ...
Since topographic maps typically show elevation using contour lines, the exact elevation is typically bounded by an upper and lower contour, and not specified exactly. Prominence calculations may use the high contour (giving in a pessimistic estimate [ 10 ] [ 11 ] ), the low contour (giving an optimistic estimate), their mean (giving a ...