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In individuals deprived of sleep, somnolence may spontaneously dissipate for short periods of time; this phenomenon is the second wind, and results from the normal cycling of the circadian rhythm interfering with the processes the body carries out to prepare itself to rest. The word "somnolence" is derived from the Latin "somnus" meaning "sleep".
Deficient sleep patterns are prominent in many psychiatric ailments. [18] Insomnia increases the risk of a depressive episode, sleep deprivation influences the onset of hypomania, and sleep disturbance contributes to the maintenance of mood disorders. [19] Amongst manic bipolar patients, sleep loss may act as a trigger in the onset of a manic ...
Chronotype can affect how sleep deprivation influences mood. Those with morningness (advanced sleep period or "lark") preference become more depressed after sleep deprivation, while those with eveningness (delayed sleep period or "owl") preference show an improvement in mood. [62] Mood and mental states can affect sleep as well.
Fatigue is a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion [1] or loss of energy. [2] [3]Fatigue (in the medical sense) is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, chronic pain conditions, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. [4]
Known as slow-wave sleep or stage 3 non-REM sleep, this is the deepest stage of sleep and the hardest to wake up from. Brain activity slows down, muscles and bones strengthen, hormones regulate ...
Etymologically, the word mood derives from the Old English mōd which denoted military courage, but could also refer to a person's humor, temper, or disposition at a particular time. The cognate Gothic mōds translates both θυμός "mood, spiritedness" and ὀργή " anger ".
Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
While benzodiazepines can put people to sleep (i.e., inhibit NREM stage 1 and 2 sleep), while asleep, the drugs disrupt sleep architecture: decreasing sleep time, delaying time to REM sleep, and decreasing deep slow-wave sleep (the most restorative part of sleep for both energy and mood). [81] [82] [83]