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A rigid, upright posture with a sharp "break" at the bust is characteristic of the stiffly boned stays of the 1730s. These English ladies wear formal mantuas for tea. Empress Elisabeth Christine in riding costume. In the early decades of the new century, formal dress consisted of the stiff-bodiced mantua.
Glossary of 18th Century Costume Terminology; An Analysis of An Eighteenth Century Woman's Quilted Waistcoat by Sharon Ann Burnston Archived 2010-05-22 at the Wayback Machine; French Fashions 1700 - 1789 from The Eighteenth Century: Its Institutions, Customs, and Costumes, Paul Lecroix, 1876 "Introduction to 18th Century Men and Women's Fashion".
The Robe de cour, also known as robe de corpse, grand habit and grand habit de cour, was a women's fashion of 18th century Europe. It was the most formal dress model worn after 1700, when the mantua dress had replaced it in all but the most formal occasions, and continued to be worn as court dress during the entire century.
Women's clothing styles maintained an emphasis on the conical shape of the torso while the shape of the skirts changed throughout the period. The wide panniers (holding the skirts out at the side) for the most part disappeared by 1780 for all but the most formal court functions, and false rumps (bum-pads or hip-pads) were worn for a time.
The frock coat was still the standard garment for all formal or business occasions, and a tailcoat was worn in the evenings. [6] Towards the end of the 19th century, the modern lounge suit was born as a very informal garment meant only to be worn for sports, in the country, or at the seaside.
The sack-back gown or robe à la française was a women's fashion of 18th century Europe. [1] At the beginning of the century, the sack-back gown was a very informal style of dress. At its most informal, it was unfitted both front and back and called a sacque, contouche, or robe battante. By the 1770s the sack-back gown was second only to court ...
A close-bodied gown, English nightgown, or robe à l'anglaise was a women's fashion of the 18th century. Like the earlier mantua , from which it evolved, [ 1 ] the back of the gown featured pleats from the shoulder, stitched down to mould the gown closely to the body until the fullness was released into the skirt.
Rich silk weaves, such as satin, taffeta, and velvet created luxurious gowns. In the 18th century, formal dress started as the mantua, but later developed into the elaborate sack-back gown. The farthingale, popular during the 16th/17th centuries, evolved into the pannier to give dresses and skirts extra volume and the desired court silhouette.