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This is a list of countries and dependencies by annual electricity production. China is the world's largest electricity producing country, followed by the United States and India. Data are for the year 2023 and are sourced from Ember unless otherwise specified. [1] Links for each location go to the relevant electricity market page, when available.
Electricity generation is the fourth highest combined source of NO x, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the US. [21] According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), low-carbon electricity generation needs to account for 85% of global electrical output by 2040 in order to ward off the worst effects of climate change. [22]
Electricity generators are driven by steam or gas turbines in a thermal plant, or water turbines in a hydropower station, or wind turbines, usually in a wind farm. The invention of the solar cell in 1954 started electricity generation by solar panels, connected to a power inverter. Mass production of panels around the year 2000 made this economic.
China alone had over 40% of the world's capacity in 2023. [3] Wind power is used on a commercial basis in more than half of all the countries of the world. [4] Denmark produced 58% of its electricity from wind in 2023, a larger share than any other country. Latvia's wind capacity grew by 75%, the largest percent increase in 2022. [3]
Renewable electricity generation by source and country in 2023 [1] This is a list of countries and dependencies by electricity generation from renewable sources. [1] Renewables accounted for 30% of electric generation in 2023. Renewables consist of hydro (47%), wind (26%), solar (18%), biomass (8%) and geothermal (1%).
The table lists 30 countries, which represent about 76% of the world population, 84% of the world GDP, and 85% of the world electricity generation. [8] [12] [14] [15] Productivity per electricity generation (concept similar to energy intensity) can be measured by dividing GDP over the electricity generated. The data is from 2019.
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Electricity generated by solar panels rely on a different mechanism: solar radiation is converted directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. [65] Wind power is of increasing importance in many countries. Demand for electricity grows with great rapidity as a nation modernises and its economy develops. [66]