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A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, machines, robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability, ease of programming, and process fault diagnosis.
For more complex systems, GI introduced the 1640 "Programmable Interface Controller" in 1975. The idea was that a device would use the PIC to handle all the interfacing with the host computer's CP1600, but also use its own internal processor to handle the actual device it was connected to.
A simplified PAL device. The programmable elements (shown as a fuse) connect both the true and complemented inputs to the AND gates. These AND gates, also known as product terms, are ORed together to form a sum-of-products logic array. A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
Programmed input–output (also programmable input/output, programmed input/output, programmed I/O, PIO) is a method of data transmission, via input/output (I/O), between a central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, [1] such as a Parallel ATA storage device. Each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program ...
It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, which interface with process plant or machinery. The operator interfaces which enable monitoring and the issuing of process commands, such as controller setpoint changes, are handled through the SCADA computer system.
A universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter (USART, programmable communications interface or PCI) [1] is a type of a serial interface device that can be programmed to communicate asynchronously or synchronously. See universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) for a discussion of the asynchronous capabilities of these ...
The distance between the circuit to be programmed and the computer is limited by the length of USB cable - it must usually be less than 180 cm. This can make programming devices deep in machinery or cabinets a problem. ICSP programmers have many advantages, with size, computer port availability, and power source being major features.
Usually, a programmer is controlled via a connected personal computer through a parallel port, [1]: 364 USB port, [11] or LAN interface. [ citation needed ] A program on the controlling computer interacts with the programmer to perform operations such as configure install parameters and program the device, [ 1 ] : 364 [ 12 ] : 430 [ 13 ] [ 14 ]