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First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference , and the candidate with the most first-preference marks (a plurality ) is elected, regardless of whether they have over half of votes (a ...
Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member districts, plurality voting is called single member [district] plurality (SMP), [2] [3] which is widely known as "first-past-the-post". In SMP/FPTP the leading candidate, whether or not they have a majority of votes, is elected.
Parallel voting: First-past-the-post (73 seats) Party-list proportional representation (34 seats) Single non-transferable vote (6 seats) Tanzania: President: Head of State and Government Two-round system: National Assembly: Unicameral legislature Parallel voting: First-past-the-post (264 seats) Party-list proportional representation (113 seats)
In First-past-the-post voting, when more than two candidates run, the winner commonly has less than half of the vote, as few as 18 percent was recorded in 2014 in Toronto. [2] In Instant-runoff voting , a candidate must have a majority of votes to be elected, although presence of exhausted votes may mean that the majority at time of final count ...
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
A Canadian example of such an opportunity is seen in the City of Edmonton (Canada), which went from first-past-the-post voting in 1917 Alberta general election to five-member plurality block voting in 1921 Alberta general election, to five-member single transferable voting in 1926 Alberta general election, then to FPTP again in 1959 Alberta ...
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
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