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White phosphorus is used in smoke, illumination, and incendiary munitions, and is commonly the burning element of tracer ammunition. [1] Other common names for white phosphorus munitions include WP and the slang terms Willie Pete and Willie Peter, which are derived from William Peter, the World War II phonetic alphabet rendering of the letters ...
Scalding is a form of thermal burn resulting from heated fluids such as boiling water or steam. Most scalds are considered first- or second-degree burns, but third-degree burns can result, especially with prolonged contact. The term is from the Latin word calidus, meaning hot. [1]
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
where H v is the heat of vaporization of water, n H 2 O,out is the number of moles of water vaporized and n fuel,in is the number of moles of fuel combusted. [9] Most applications that burn fuel produce water vapor, which is unused and thus wastes its heat content.
A thermal burn is a type of burn resulting from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. Scalds are the most common type of thermal burn suffered by children, but for adults thermal burns are most commonly caused by fire. [2]
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Burn rate (typically expressed in mm/s or in/s) is the sample length over time at a given pressure and temperature. For solid fuel propellant, the most common method of measuring burn rate is the Crawford Type Strand Burning Rate Bomb System [3] (also known as the Crawford Burner or Strand Burner), as described in MIL-STD-286C. [4]
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