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  2. Confessional privilege (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional_Privilege...

    Prior to the adoption of statutory protections, there was some protection under common law. New York: In People v. Phillips (1 Southwest L. J., 90), in the year 1813, the Court of General Sessions in New York recognized the privilege as in a decision rendered by De Witt Clinton, recognized the privilege as applying to Rev. Anthony Kohlmann, S.J., who refused to reveal in court information ...

  3. Priest–penitent privilege - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest–penitent_privilege

    The clergy–penitent privilege, clergy privilege, confessional privilege, priest–penitent privilege, pastor–penitent privilege, clergyman–communicant privilege, or ecclesiastical privilege, is a rule of evidence that forbids judicial inquiry into certain communications (spoken or otherwise) between clergy and members of their congregation. [1]

  4. Sacrament of Penance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance

    The Sacrament of Penance [a] (also commonly called the Sacrament of Reconciliation or Confession) is one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church (known in Eastern Christianity as sacred mysteries), in which the faithful are absolved from sins committed after baptism and reconciled with the Christian community.

  5. Canon 915 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_915

    The general rule of canon law is that "sacred ministers cannot deny the sacraments to those who seek them at appropriate times, are properly disposed, and are not prohibited by law from receiving them"; [10] and "any baptized person not prohibited by law can and must be admitted to holy communion". [11]

  6. Approbation (Catholic canon law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic...

    Approbation, in Catholic canon law, is an act by which a bishop or other legitimate superior grants to an ecclesiastic the actual exercise of his ministry. The necessity of approbation, especially for administering the sacrament of penance , was expressly decreed by the Council of Trent so, except in the case of imminent death, the absolution ...

  7. Confessional state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional_state

    A confessional state is a state which officially recognises and practices a particular religion, usually accompanied by a public cult, and at least encourages its citizens to do likewise.

  8. The fight to move the Catholic Church in America to the right ...

    www.aol.com/news/fight-move-catholic-church...

    At the Vatican, a respectful dialogue about reforming the church; in the U.S., a high-profile display of old-school church power. Among rank-and-file American Catholics, Francis is enormously ...

  9. Internal and external forum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum

    In the canon law of the Catholic Church, a distinction is made between the internal forum, where an act of governance is made without publicity, and the external forum, where the act is public and verifiable. In canon law, internal forum, the realm of conscience, is contrasted with the external or outward forum; thus, a marriage might be null ...