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Household ammonia ranges in concentration by weight from 5% to 10% ammonia. [9] Because aqueous ammonia is a gas dissolved in water, as the water evaporates from a surface, the gas evaporates also, leaving the surface streak-free. Its most common uses are to clean glass [10], porcelain, and stainless steel. It is good at removing grease and is ...
For example, a molecule of water has a mass of about 18.015 daltons on average, whereas a mole of water (which contains 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 water molecules) has a total mass of about 18.015 grams. In chemistry, because of the law of multiple proportions, it is often much more convenient to work with amounts of substances (that is, number of ...
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise.
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol , to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol .
The gram-atom is a former term for a mole of atoms, and gram-molecule for a mole of molecules. [ 7 ] Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass ( M r ). [ 8 ]
Reaction stoichiometry describes the 2:1:2 ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and water molecules in the above equation. The molar ratio allows for conversion between moles of one substance and moles of another. For example, in the reaction 2 CH 3 OH + 3 O 2 → 2 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O. the amount of water that will be produced by the combustion of 0.27 moles ...
Thus, the treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with a strong base gives ammonia. When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: H 2 O + NH 3 ⇌ OH − + [NH 4] + The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to ...
Being extremely soluble in water, ammonium sulfate can "salt out" (precipitate) proteins from aqueous solutions. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Precipitation by ammonium sulfate is a result of a reduction in solubility rather than protein denaturation , thus the precipitated protein can be resolubilized through the use of standard buffers . [ 5 ]