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Mars gave his name to the third month in the Roman calendar, Martius, from which English March derives. In the most ancient Roman calendar, Martius was the first month. The planet Mars was named for him, and in some allegorical and philosophical writings, the planet and the god are endowed with shared characteristics. [194]
The Norse name for the planet Venus was Friggjarstjarna, 'Frigg's star'. [21] It is based on the Latin diēs Veneris, "Day of Venus". Saturday: named after the Roman god Saturn associated with the Titan Cronus, father of Zeus and many Olympians.
The planet Mars is named after the Roman god of war Mars. In Babylonian astronomy, the planet was named after Nergal, their deity of fire, war, and destruction, most likely due to the planet's reddish appearance. [2] Whether the Greeks equated Nergal with their god of war, Ares, or whether both drew from a more ancient association is unclear. [3]
Cold, dark and distant, it was named after the Roman god of the underworld. In Greek mythology, the corresponding god is Hades. In Greek mythology, the corresponding god is Hades.
In English, the planet Mars is named after Mars, the Roman god of war, [1] an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood. [2] The adjectival form of Latin Mars is Martius, [3] from which the English word Martian derives, used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and Martial, used as an adjective corresponding to Terrestrial for Earth. [4]
Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System.In English, it is named after the ancient Roman god Mercurius (), god of commerce and communication, and the messenger of the gods.
In both the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, Jupiter was named after the chief god of the divine pantheon: Zeus to the Greeks and Jupiter to the Romans. [19] The International Astronomical Union formally adopted the name Jupiter for the planet in 1976 and has since named its newly discovered satellites for the god's lovers, favourites, and descendants. [20]
This table shows the astrological planets [6] (as distinct from the astronomical) and the Greek and Roman deities associated with them. In most cases, the English name for planets derives from the name of a Roman god or goddess. Also of interest is the conflation of the Roman god with a similar Greek god.