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An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen. Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene.
The Valonia oak was first described as the species Quercus macrolepis by Carl Friedrich Kotschy in 1860. It was reduced to a subspecies of Quercus ithaburensis in 1981. [ 1 ] Within the oak genus, Q. ithaburensis is classified in the subgenus Cerris , section Cerris , which includes Quercus cerris , the Turkey oak, and related species.
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, [3] [4] is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris , a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them. [1] The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections. Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis, the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus, which included
Quercus shumardii, the Shumard oak, spotted oak, Schneck oak, Shumard red oak, or swamp red oak, is one of the largest of the oak species in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is closely related to Quercus buckleyi (Texas red oak), Quercus texana (Nuttall's red oak), and Quercus gravesii (Chisos red oak).
Quercus pubescens (synonyms virgiliana), commonly known as the downy oak, pubescent oak or Italian oak, is a species of white oak (genus Quercus sect. Quercus) native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. It is found from northern Spain and France in the West to Turkey and the Caucasus in the East
Quercus ilex, the holm oak, [2] [3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, [4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
Quercus rubra, the northern red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is a native of North America, in the eastern and central United States and southeast and south-central Canada.