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The findings were that infants with Down’s syndrome were able to discriminate between novel and familiar visual stimuli but were around two months behind typical infant development. [ 3 ] Preferential looking experiments have been cited in support of hypotheses regarding a wide range of inborn cognitive capacities such as depth perception ...
Robert Lowell Fantz [1] (1925–1981) [2] was an American developmental psychologist who pioneered several studies into infant perception. In particular, the preferential looking paradigm introduced by Fantz in the 1961 is widely used in cognitive development and categorization studies among small babies.
Keen is known for pioneering scientific studies of infant cognition, with many of her experiments using habituation to study infants' developing perception and cognition. One of her most significant discoveries was that newborns remained habituated to auditory stimuli even after a delay of 24 hours. [ 10 ]
There is an additional connotation to the term habituation which applies to psychological dependency on drugs, and is included in several online dictionaries. [6] A team of specialists from the World Health Organization assembled in 1957 to address the problem of drug addiction and adopted the term "drug habituation" to distinguish some drug-use behaviors from drug addiction.
Since Piaget's contribution to the field, infant cognitive development and methods for its investigation have advanced considerably, with numerous psychologists investigating different areas of cognitive development including memory, language and perception, coming up with various theories [4] —for example Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive ...
Typical pattern of habituation. Another unique way to study infants' cognition is through habituation, which is the process of repeatedly showing a stimulus to an infant until they give no response. [72] Then, when infants are presented with a novel stimulus, they show a response, which reveals patterns of cognition and perception. [72]
The terms neural adaptation and habituation are often confused for one another. Habituation is a behavioral phenomenon while neural adaptation is a physiological phenomenon, although the two are not entirely separate. During habituation, one has some conscious control over whether one notices something to which one is becoming habituated.
The wall was specifically designed to make the short carrot disappear, as well as tested the infants for habituation patterns on the disappearance of the tall carrot behind the wall (impossible event). [10] Infants as young as 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 months displayed greater stimulation toward the impossible event and much more habituation at the possible ...