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In physics, the plane-wave expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves: = = (+) (^ ^), where i is the imaginary unit , k is a wave vector of length k ,
In applications, one can rarely sum exactly the Magnus series, and one has to truncate it to get approximate solutions. The main advantage of the Magnus proposal is that the truncated series very often shares important qualitative properties with the exact solution, at variance with other conventional perturbation theories.
The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems , linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear differential equations or discrete dynamical systems . [ 1 ]
In mathematics, the Laplace transform is a powerful integral transform used to switch a function from the time domain to the s-domain.The Laplace transform can be used in some cases to solve linear differential equations with given initial conditions.
The application of linear algebra in this context is vital for the design and operation of modern power systems, including renewable energy sources and smart grids. Overall, the application of linear algebra in fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics, and thermal energy systems is an example of the profound interconnection between mathematics and ...
A Sommerfeld expansion is an approximation method developed by Arnold Sommerfeld for a certain class of integrals which are common in condensed matter and statistical physics. Physically, the integrals represent statistical averages using the Fermi–Dirac distribution .
Functions can be written as a linear combination of the basis functions, = = (), for example through a Fourier expansion of f(t). The coefficients b j can be stacked into an n by 1 column vector b = [b 1 b 2 … b n] T. In some special cases, such as the coefficients of the Fourier series of a sinusoidal function, this column vector has finite ...
A Laurent series is a generalization of the Taylor series, allowing terms with negative exponents; it takes the form = and converges in an annulus. [6] In particular, a Laurent series can be used to examine the behavior of a complex function near a singularity by considering the series expansion on an annulus centered at the singularity.