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Bihar and Orissa was a province of British India, [1] which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and parts of Odisha.The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were governed by the then Indian Civil Service of the Bengal Presidency, the largest administrative subdivision in British India.
The province included the Orissa Tributary States. On 1 April 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were placed under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936, Orissa became a separate province with five districts, [3] comprising an area of 83,392 km 2. [4]
Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.
In 1756, Bihar was part of Bengal. On 14 October 1803, Orissa was occupied by the British Raj. [1] On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa Province. [2] On 1 April 1936, Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. [3]
The history of Odisha begins in the Lower Paleolithic era, as Acheulian tools dating to the period have been discovered in various places in the region. [1] The early history of Odisha can be traced back to writings found in ancient texts like the Mahabharata , Maha Govinda Sutta and some Puranas .
Before the creation of the Eastern States Agency in 1933, 23 native states of the former Orissa Tributary States and Chhota Nagpur States were under the suzerainty of the British provinces of Bihar and Orissa and 16 under that of the Central Provinces. Chota Nagpur and Orissa area during the British Raj.
The History of Bihar is one of the most varied in India. Bihar consists of three distinct regions, each has its own distinct history and culture. They are Magadha, Mithila and Bhojpur. [1] Chirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record dating from the Neolithic age (c. 2500 – 1345 BC).
After the assassination of Mir Habib, the governor of Orissa in 1752, the Marathas formally incorporated Orissa in their dominion, [30] as part of Nagpur kingdom. The Nawab of Bengal agreed to pay Rs. 1.2 million annually as the chauth of Bengal and Bihar, and the Marathas agreed not to invade Bengal again.