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The IBM 4245 is a high-speed impact printer that uses an engraved band. IBM proposed it as a replacement for the 1403, 3203 and the 3211/3811. As an example the Montana Department of Administration bought three 4245s (a model 12 and two model 20s) in October 1985 to replace two IBM 1403s and a 3211/3811. [21] [22] There are four consumable items:
The ink ribbon is a long roll the width of the print area positioned between the print chain and the paper. The roll comes in two parts: the feeder roll and take-up roll. The roll is constantly wound and rewound during printing. An IBM 1403, foreground, part of an IBM 7030 Harvest installation at the U.S. National Security Agency
An IBM 1403 printer opened up as it would be to change paper. Note the form tractors on each side of the paper, and the carriage control tape in upper right. The print chain is covered by a full-width ink ribbon, see lower right: The hinged chain-and-ribbon assembly is here swung open towards the camera like a gate. Green-zebra-paper
The smaller models in the System/360 line (e.g. the 360/30) were intended to replace the 1400 series while providing an easier upgrade path to the larger 360s. To smooth the transition from the second generation to the new line, IBM used the 360's microprogramming capability to emulate the more popular older models.
Early mainframe printers were usually line printers. Line printers provide a limited set of commands to control how the paper is advanced when print lines are printed. The application writing reports, list, etc. to be printed has to include those commands in the print data. These single character print commands are called printer control characters
The computers were offered to replace tabulating machines like the IBM 407. The 1400-series machines stored information in magnetic cores as variable-length character strings separated on the left by a special bit, called a "wordmark," and on the right by a "record mark." Arithmetic was performed digit-by-digit.
Traditionally IBM Mainframe memory has been byte-addressable. This kind of memory is termed "Central Storage". IBM Mainframe processors through much of the 1980s and 1990s supported another kind of memory: Expanded Storage. It was first introduced with the IBM 3090 high-end mainframe series in 1985. [28] Expanded Storage is 4KB-page addressable.
The 6000-series machine's basic instruction set has more than 185 single-address one-word instructions. [11] The basic instructions are one word; the instruction format is an extension of that of the GE-600 series , with the opcode field extended to 10 bits by adding bit 27 as the low-order bit; that bit is zero in all GE-600 series instructions.