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Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). [2] This motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain, followed by a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the new closed volume.
Diffusion process is stochastic in nature and hence is used to model many real-life stochastic systems. Brownian motion , reflected Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are examples of diffusion processes.
In probability theory, reflected Brownian motion (or regulated Brownian motion, [1] [2] both with the acronym RBM) is a Wiener process in a space with reflecting boundaries. [3] In the physical literature, this process describes diffusion in a confined space and it is often called confined Brownian motion. For example it can describe the motion ...
Generalizations of Brownian motion, such as the fractional Brownian motion and scaled Brownian motion; Diffusion in fractals and percolation in porous media; Continuous time random walks; These processes have growing interest in cell biophysics where the mechanism behind anomalous diffusion has direct physiological importance.
A single realization of a one-dimensional Wiener process A single realization of a three-dimensional Wiener process. In mathematics, the Wiener process (or Brownian motion, due to its historical connection with the physical process of the same name) is a real-valued continuous-time stochastic process discovered by Norbert Wiener.
In some cases, when analyzing a thermodynamic process, one can assume that each intermediate state in the process is at equilibrium. Such a process is called quasistatic. [4] For a process to be reversible, each step in the process must be reversible. For a step in a process to be reversible, the system must be in equilibrium throughout the step.
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Dust deposition by thermophoresis. Thermophoresis (also thermomigration, thermodiffusion, the Soret effect, or the Ludwig–Soret effect) is a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different particle types exhibit different responses to the force of a temperature gradient.