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A concept is operationalized when the mind is able to actively recognize examples of it by characteristics and label it appropriately. 5; Analogy is the recognition of similarities among potential examples. 6; This particular theory of concept learning is relatively new and more research is being conducted to test it.
For example, spaces are symmetric. The distance between two points is the same regardless of which point you start from. However, psychological similarity is not symmetric. For example, we often prefer to state similarity in one direction. For example, it feels more natural to say that 101 is like 100 than to say that 100 is like 101.
Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others.
An example in social psychology would be the combination of a person's beliefs about women and their beliefs about business. If women are not generally perceived to be in business, but the person meets a woman who is, a new subtype of businesswoman may be created, and the information perceived will be incorporated into this subtype.
Concepts play an important role in all aspects of cognition. [2] [3] As such, concepts are studied within such disciplines as linguistics, psychology, and philosophy, and these disciplines are interested in the logical and psychological structure of concepts, and how they are put together to form thoughts and sentences. The study of concepts ...
In the words of American psychologist S.S. Stevens (1935), "An operation is the performance which we execute in order to make known a concept." [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, an operational definition of "fear" (the construct) often includes measurable physiologic responses that occur in response to a perceived threat.
The concept was developed by Julian B. Rotter in 1954, and has since become an aspect of personality psychology. A person's " locus " (plural "loci", Latin for "place" or "location") is conceptualized as internal (a belief that one can control one's own life) or external (a belief that life is controlled by outside factors which the person can ...
A notable advancement was Arnold's idea of intuitive appraisal in which she describes emotions that are good or bad for the person lead to an action. For example, if a student studies hard in a difficult class and passes the tough mid-term exam with an "A", the felt emotion of happiness will motivate the student to keep studying hard for that ...