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A river plume is a dynamical system influenced by processes with a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, which depend on the size and shape of the estuary as well as on the type and variation of the forcing from the estuary and the ocean.
A river plume embedded into a ROFI reproduce a continuous process of transformation of freshwater discharge. Initially, river discharge enters the shelf sea from a river mouth and forms a sub-mesoscale (with spatial extents ~1-10 km) or mesoscale (with spatial extents ~10-100 km) water mass referred to as a river plume.
Plume shapes can be influenced by flow in the ambient fluid (for example, if local wind blowing in the same direction as the plume results in a co-flowing jet). This usually causes a plume which has initially been 'buoyancy-dominated' to become 'momentum-dominated' (this transition is usually predicted by a dimensionless number called the ...
This current as part of a baroclinically unstable system meanders and creates eddies (in much the same way as a meandering river forms an oxbow lake). These types of mesoscale eddies have been observed in many major ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream , the Agulhas Current , the Kuroshio Current , and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current ...
Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band. [1] [2] Composite satellite photos of an atmospheric river connecting Asia to North America in October 2017
The water in this stream forms varying currents as it makes its way downhill. In hydrology, a current in a water body is the flow of water in any one particular direction. The current varies spatially as well as temporally, dependent upon the flow volume of water, stream gradient, and channel geometry.
Eruption plume, a column of volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an eruption; Mantle plume, an upwelling of hot rock within the Earth's mantle that can cause volcanic hotspots; Moisture plume, an alternative name for an atmospheric river, a narrow corridor of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere