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Included system-oriented layers and troubleshooting, assembly and disassembly aspects. The Advanced Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (A-IETM 1992) was an R&D Augmented Reality (AR) version of this system designed to help to guide the standards used in the mark-up of the documentation - the idea being a UI-independent data stream.
The CD-ROM was later designed as an extension of the CD-DA, and adapted this format to hold any form of digital data, with an initial storage capacity of 553 MB. [5] Sony and Philips created the technical standard that defines the format of a CD-ROM in 1983, [ 6 ] in what came to be called the Yellow Book .
An optical disc is designed to support one of three recording types: read-only (such as CD and CD-ROM), recordable (write-once, like CD-R), or re-recordable (rewritable, like CD-RW). Write-once optical discs commonly have an organic dye (may also be a ( phthalocyanine ) azo dye , mainly used by Verbatim , or an oxonol dye, used by Fujifilm [ 4 ...
The file system was developed with a write-once CD-ROM simulator and was used to master one of the first CD-ROMs in 1986. CDFS was never sold, but its source code was published on the Internet and the CD-ROMs were distributed to Media Lab sponsors. The file system is the basis of WOFS (Write-once File System), [2] sold by N/Hance systems in 1989.
Disk storage is now used in both computer storage and consumer electronic storage, e.g., audio CDs and video discs (VCD, DVD and Blu-ray). Data on modern disks is stored in fixed length blocks, usually called sectors and varying in length from a few hundred to many thousands of bytes. Gross disk drive capacity is simply the number of disk ...
As of 2007 DVD is the de facto standard for pre-recorded movies, and popular storage of data beyond the capacity of CD. With the development of high-definition television , and the popularization of broadband and digital storage of movies, a further format development took place, again giving rise to two camps: HD DVD and Blu-ray , based upon a ...
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Like a CD-R, a CD-RW has hardcoded speed specifications which limit recording speeds to fairly restrictive ranges. Unlike a CD-R, a CD-RW has a minimum writing speed under which the discs cannot be recorded, based on the phase change material's heating and cooling time constants and the required laser energy levels. Despite this, some ...