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A peel is a tool used by bakers to slide loaves of bread, pizzas, pastries, and other baked goods into and out of an oven. [1] It is usually made of wood , with a flat surface for carrying the baked good and a handle extending from one side of that surface.
In cooking, proofing (also called proving) is a step in the preparation of yeast bread and other baked goods in which the dough is allowed to rest and rise a final time before baking. During this rest period, yeast ferments the dough and produces gases, thereby leavening the dough.
Several types of graters feature different sizes of grating slots, and can therefore aid in the preparation of a variety of foods. They are commonly used to grate vegetables, cheese and lemon or orange peel (to create zest), spices, such as ginger and nutmeg, and can also be used to grate other soft foods
Food psychology is an applied psychology, using existing psychological methods and findings to understand food choice and eating behaviors. [2] Factors studied by food psychology include food cravings , sensory experiences of food, perceptions of food security and food safety , price, available product information such as nutrition labeling and ...
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Baking has opened up doors to businesses such as cake shops and factories where the baking process is done with larger amounts in large, open furnaces. [ citation needed ] The aroma and texture of baked goods as they come out of the oven are strongly appealing but is a quality that is quickly lost.
Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it. [46] When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a pizza stone in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it. [47]
Before cooking institutions, professional cooks were mentors for individual students who apprenticed under them. [13] In 1879, the first cooking school was founded in the United States: the Boston Cooking School. This school standardized cooking practices and recipes, and laid the groundwork for the culinary arts schools that would follow. [14]