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A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid, while an organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human-animal chimera.
The distinction between sectorial, mericlinal and periclinal plant chimeras is widely used. [36] [37] Periclinal chimeras involve a genetic difference that persists in the descendant cells of a particular meristem layer. This type of chimera is more stable than mericlinal or sectoral mutations that affect only later generations of cells. [38]
A human chimera, on the other hand, consists only of human cells, from different zygotes.) Examples of human–animal hybrids mainly include humanized mice that have been genetically modified by xenotransplantation of human genes. [2] Humanized mice are commonly used as small animal models in biological and medical research for human ...
Nāga – A term referring to human/snake mixes of all kinds. Onocentaur – A creature that has the upper body of a human with the lower body of a donkey and is often portrayed with only two legs. Ophiotaurus – A creature that has the upper body of a bull and the lower body of a snake. Peryton – A deer with the wings of a bird.
Diagnosing a chimera or mosaic is particularly difficult due to the random distribution of 46,XX and 46,XY cells within the body. In a chimeric, an organ might be made up of a mix of 46,XX and 46,XY, but is made up entirely only one genotype. When that is the case, no abnormalities are noted and other types of tissues need to be analyzed. [15]
It can occur in all kinds of species, including, very rarely in humans. Chimeras were named for a mythological monster that was a combination of several different animals.
In molecular biology, and more importantly high-throughput DNA sequencing, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating when multiple transcripts or DNA sequences get joined. Chimeras can be considered artifacts and be filtered out from the data during processing [ 1 ] to prevent spurious inferences of biological variation. [ 2 ]
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