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  2. Reading frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_frame

    An open reading frame (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein. It requires a continuous sequence of DNA which may include a start codon, through a subsequent region which has a length that is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, to a stop codon in the same reading frame.

  3. Open reading frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_reading_frame

    The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) [16] is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable minimum size in a user's sequence or in a sequence already in the database. This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative genetic codes.

  4. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    A reading frame is defined by the initial triplet of nucleotides from which translation starts. It sets the frame for a run of successive, non-overlapping codons, which is known as an "open reading frame" (ORF). For example, the string 5'-AAATGAACG-3' (see figure), if read from the first position, contains the codons AAA, TGA, and ACG ; if read ...

  5. Upstream open reading frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_open_reading_frame

    An upstream open reading frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA. uORFs can regulate eukaryotic gene expression. [1] [2] Translation of the uORF typically inhibits downstream expression of the primary ORF. However, in some genes such as yeast GCN4, translation of specific uORFs may ...

  6. Frameshift mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frameshift_mutation

    The first codon establishes the reading frame, whereby a new codon begins. A protein's amino acid backbone sequence is defined by contiguous triplets. [6] Codons are key to translation of genetic information for the synthesis of proteins. The reading frame is set when translating the mRNA begins and is maintained as it reads one triplet to the ...

  7. Overlapping gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlapping_gene

    Out-of-phase overlaps occurs when the shared sequences use different reading frames. This can occur in "phase 1" or "phase 2", depending on whether the reading frames are offset by 1 or 2 nucleotides. Because a codon is three nucleotides long, an offset of three nucleotides is an in-phase, phase 0 frame.

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  9. Five prime untranslated region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_prime_untranslated_region

    Another form of translational regulation in eukaryotes comes from unique elements on the 5′ UTR called upstream open reading frames (uORF). These elements are fairly common, occurring in 35–49% of all human genes. [17] A uORF is a coding sequence located in the 5′ UTR located upstream of the coding sequences initiation site.

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