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In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra.In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, [1] India, [2] China, Germany, and Italy.
Singmaster's conjecture is a conjecture in combinatorial number theory, named after the British mathematician David Singmaster who proposed it in 1971. It says that there is a finite upper bound on the multiplicities of entries in Pascal's triangle (other than the number 1, which appears infinitely many times).
1000th row of Pascal's triangle, arranged vertically, with grey-scale representations of decimal digits of the coefficients, right-aligned. The left boundary of the image corresponds roughly to the graph of the logarithm of the binomial coefficients, and illustrates that they form a log-concave sequence .
Jia Xian triangle (Pascal's triangle) using rod numerals, as depicted in a publication of Zhu Shijie in 1303 AD. Yang Hui referred to Jia Xian's Shi Suo Suan Shu in the Yongle Encyclopedia Jia Xian ( simplified Chinese : 贾宪 ; traditional Chinese : 賈憲 ; pinyin : Jiǎ Xiàn ; Wade–Giles : Chia Hsien ; ca. 1010–1070) was a Chinese ...
The powers of two that divide the central binomial coefficients are given by Gould's sequence, whose nth element is the number of odd integers in row n of Pascal's triangle. Squaring the generating function gives 1 1 − 4 x = ( ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n n ) x n ) ( ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n n ) x n ) . {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-4x}}=\left(\sum _{n=0 ...
The first five layers of Pascal's 3-simplex (Pascal's pyramid). Each face (orange grid) is Pascal's 2-simplex (Pascal's triangle). Arrows show derivation of two example terms. In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem.
Pascal's triangle, rows 0 through 7. The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n=6, r=2: 1+3+6+10+15=35.. In combinatorics, the hockey-stick identity, [1] Christmas stocking identity, [2] boomerang identity, Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem, [3] states that if are integers, then
In matrix theory and combinatorics, a Pascal matrix is a matrix (possibly infinite) containing the binomial coefficients as its elements. It is thus an encoding of Pascal's triangle in matrix form. There are three natural ways to achieve this: as a lower-triangular matrix, an upper-triangular matrix, or a symmetric matrix. For example, the 5 × ...