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The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [1] User mode in Windows NT is made of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode device drivers ...
User-Mode Driver Framework v2, for writing user-mode drivers with syntactic parity to KMDF WDF also includes a set of static verification tools for use by driver writers. These tools examine driver code for common errors and/or simulate the code of a driver in order to identify problems that are both difficult to detect and difficult to test for.
Generally the operating system provides a library that sits between the operating system and normal user programs. Usually it is a C library such as Glibc or Windows API. The library handles the low-level details of passing information to the kernel and switching to supervisor mode. System calls include close, open, read, wait and write.
The Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF) is a driver framework developed by Microsoft as a tool to aid driver developers create and maintain kernel mode device drivers for Windows 2000 [a] and later releases. It is one of the frameworks included in the Windows Driver Frameworks. [1]
With the Windows Drivers Model (WDM) for devices Microsoft implements an approach to kernel mode drivers that is unique to Windows operating systems.WDM implements a layered architecture for device drivers, and every device of a computer is served by a stack of drivers.
Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's ... WDDM 2.0 introduces a new virtual memory management and allocation system to reduce workload on the kernel-mode ...
Processor Control Region (PCR) is a Windows kernel mode data structure that contains information about the current processor. It can be accessed via the fs segment register on x86 versions, or the gs segment register on x64 versions respectively.
Windows 10 includes WDDM 2.0, which is designed to dramatically reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver for GPUs that support virtual memory addressing, [37] to allow multithreading parallelism in the user-mode driver and result in lower CPU utilization.