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In software engineering, containerization is operating-system–level virtualization or application-level virtualization over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called containers in any cloud or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor. [1]
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including containers (LXC, Solaris Containers, AIX WPARs, HP-UX SRP Containers, Docker, Podman), zones (Solaris Containers), virtual private servers (), partitions, virtual environments (VEs), virtual kernels (DragonFly BSD), and jails ...
The potential benefits of NFV is anticipated to be significant. Virtualization of network functions deployed on general purpose standardized hardware is expected to reduce capital and operational expenditures, and service and product introduction times. [22] [23] Many major network equipment vendors have announced support for NFV. [24]
However, programs running inside a container can only see the container's contents and devices assigned to the container. This provides many of the benefits that virtual machines have such as standardization and scalability, while using less resources as the kernel is shared between containers.
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. [5] The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine . [ 6 ]
Nested virtualization becomes more necessary as widespread operating systems gain built-in hypervisor functionality, which in a virtualized environment can be used only if the surrounding hypervisor supports nested virtualization; for example, Windows 7 is capable of running Windows XP applications inside a built-in virtual machine.
Application virtualization is a software technology that encapsulates computer programs from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is not installed in the traditional sense, [ 1 ] although it is still executed as if it were.
Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external virtualization , combining many networks or parts of networks into a virtual unit, or internal virtualization , providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single ...