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Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. [1] It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment.In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population [2] and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations in Canada.
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm [1] and is a common finding in male infertility.Often semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility (technically oligoasthenoteratozoospermia).
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
The male infertility crisis is an increase in male infertility since the mid-1970s. [91] The issue attracted media attention after a 2017 meta-analysis found that sperm counts in Western countries had declined by 52.4 percent between 1973 and 2011.
The main techniques involving fertility medication in females are: Ovulation induction, with the aim of producing one or two ovulatory follicles for fertilization by sexual intercourse or artificial insemination
Infertility affects around 10% of US couples. Approximately 30% of these couples have a pure male factor as the underlying cause, whereas the remaining 20% have a male and female influence. Although specific data are difficult to get, SCO syndrome affects less than 5%-10% of the aforementioned infertile individuals. [4]
Ejaculatory duct obstruction is the underlying cause for 1–5% of male infertility. [8] Since ejaculatory duct obstruction is a relatively rare cause of infertility, this possibility may be unfamiliar to some physicians, even some urologists.
XX male syndrome, also known as de la Chapelle syndrome, is a rare intersex condition in which an individual with a 46,XX karyotype develops a male phenotype. [2] Synonyms for XX male syndrome include 46,XX testicular difference of sex development (or 46,XX DSD) [3] [4] [5] [6]