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According to the Ministry of Labor and Employment in India, nearly 300,000 Indians were still under debt bondage in 2009. [5] Many researchers, such as Augendra Bhukuth, Jérôme Ballet, and Nicolas Sirven, argue that this is part of a larger effort of employers looking to exert a strong sense of discipline and control over their workers. [3]
The landmark case Toshniwal Brothers (Pvt.) Ltd. vs Eswarprasad, E. and Others, decided in 1996, describes the legality of employment bonds in India.It holds that under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, contracts requiring an employee to pay a bond if they prematurely resign their employment are legal and enforceable, at least in cases where employers pay expenses like training for the employee. [2]
India was the first country to pass legislation directly prohibiting debt bondage through the Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976. [6] [66] [67] Less than two decades later, Pakistan also passed a similar act in 1992 and Nepal passed the Kamaiya Labour (Prohibition) Act in 2002. [6]
The State of Bonded Labor in Pakistan, by Shujaat Ali Rahi, [1] is a treatise that reflects the status of bonded labor in Pakistan, a country with an estimated population of 1.7 million in bonded labor. The book was published by National Coalition Against Bonded Labor (NCABL), with the support of Trócaire.
According to fundamental rules (FR 17A) of the civil service of India, a period of unauthorised absence- (i) in the case of employees working in industrial establishments, during a strike which has been declared illegal under the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, or any other law for the time being in force; (ii) in the case of ...
Prior to signing the bill, Biden touted the importance of Social Security benefits for working class Americans and said he was "proud to have played a small part in this fight and get to sign it."
The concept of protecting workers from the perils of labour environments dates all the way back to 14th-century Europe. [6] The first example of the modern labor rights movement, though, came in response to the brutal working conditions that accompanied the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. [6]
When you’re craving comfort, a warm, cozy bowl of soup may be just what the doctor ordered. And thanks to canned soups, you don’t have to spend hours in the kitchen to get your fix. But if you ...