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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. [1]
Acute erythroid leukemia is rare, accounting for only 3–5% of all acute myeloid leukemia cases. [2] One study estimated an occurrence rate of 0.077 cases per 100,000 people each year. [ 12 ] 64–70% of people with this condition are male, and most are elderly, with a median age of 65.
Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia. In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow. There is an overproduction of monocytes that the body does not need in the periphery.
The goals of therapy are to control symptoms, improve quality of life, improve overall survival, and decrease progression to AML. The IPSS scoring system can help guide therapy for patients with MDS. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] In those with low risk MDS (designated by an IPSS score less than 3.5), no disease specific treatment has been found to be helpful ...
In the United States there has been an increase in the 5-year relative survival rate between people diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1977 (48.9%) and people diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2013 (69.2%); these figures coincide with a 20% decrease in cancer mortality from 1950 to 2014. [8]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. [3] In 95% of cases of APL, the RARA gene on chromosome 17 is involved in a reciprocal translocation with the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15, a translocation denoted as t(15;17)(q22;q21). [3]
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