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Negative hedonistic utilitarianism thinks of utility in terms of hedonic mental states such as suffering and unpleasantness. [6] Negative Average Preference Utilitarianism [ 15 ] makes the same assumptions on what is good as negative preference utilitarianism, but states that the average number (per individual) of preferences frustrated should ...
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Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, [1] may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. [2] Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena. The opposite of suffering is pleasure or happiness.
Vedanā (Pāli and Sanskrit: वेदना) is an ancient term traditionally translated as either "feeling" [1] or "sensation." [2] In general, vedanā refers to the pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sensations that occur when our internal sense organs come into contact with external sense objects and the associated consciousness.
Lists of pejorative terms for people include: List of ethnic slurs. List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity; List of common nouns derived from ethnic group names; List of religious slurs; A list of LGBT slang, including LGBT-related slurs; List of age-related terms with negative connotations; List of disability-related terms with ...
In philosophy, the concept of moral balance exists in various forms, one of them is the golden mean, which has virtue being between the extreme and the lacking. [1] Greek philosophers—such as Plato, Aristotle, and the Pythagoreans (who related moral excellence with mathematical perfection)—applied the principle to ethics as well as politics.
In 1954, Harold Schlosberg named three dimensions of emotion: "pleasantness–unpleasantness", "attention–rejection" and "level of activation". [9] Dimensional models of emotion attempt to conceptualize human emotions by defining where they lie in two or three dimensions. Most dimensional models incorporate valence and arousal or intensity ...
"Hedonic treadmill" is a term coined by Brickman and Campbell in their article, "Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society" (1971), describing the tendency of people to keep a fairly stable baseline level of happiness despite external events and fluctuations in demographic circumstances. [2]