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T1 MRI of the same lipoma: High intensity signal mass with regions of ill-defined margins [23] Ultrasonography of a liposarcoma for comparison: In this case a heterogeneous mass consisting of an upper hyperechoic portion, corresponding to lipomatous matrix, and areas of hypoechogenicity corresponding to nonlipomatous components.
Some authors consider that early pronounced contrast enhancement of a nodule within 1–2 cm developed on a cirrhotic liver is sufficient for HCC diagnosis. These results prove that for a correct characterization of the lesions it is necessary to extend the examination time to 5 minutes or even longer. [citation needed] Fig. 11.
One of the most important factors used to determine the clinical suspicion of malignancy of an adnexal mass is the sonographic appearance of the mass. [2] Indications that the mass is at a higher risk of being malignant include the presence of loculations, nodules , papillary structures, septations , or a size greater than 10 cm. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [1] Breast pain , nipple discharge , or skin changes may be present. [ 1 ] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue.
Breast ultrasounds may be used with or without a mammogram. Breast ultrasound is the use of medical ultrasonography to perform imaging of the breast. It can be used as either a diagnostic or a screening procedure. [38] It may be used either with or without a mammogram. [39]
Breast ultrasound is also used to perform fine-needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of breast abscesses. [8] Women may prefer breast ultrasound over mammography because it is a painless procedure and does not involve the discomfort of breast compression present in mammograms.
A suspicious area on mammography or ultrasound. [9] This may include: Microcalcifications on MRI. [10] BI-RADS score of 4 or 5 on mammography, ultrasound, or MRI. [11] A suspicious hard palpable lump [9] Skin changes like crusting, scaling, or dimpling of the breast, which may signal an underlying breast cancer [9] Abnormal nipple discharge [7] [9]
In most cases breast cancers are asymptomatic and are detected by routine clinical screening exams. In about 30% of cases a breast mass may be felt. [13] [14] The mass will not fluctuate with the menstrual period. [15] Changes to the overlying skin including dimpling, pinching, orange peel-like texture, or nipple retraction may be seen. [16]